After planting a pear in the garden, the gardener must understand that it can undergo various diseases that can lead to the death of plants. To prevent the development of the disease, it is necessary to carry out prophylaxis in time. The article discusses the symptoms of diseases and ways to combat them.
Bacterial infections
Bacterial infections that can infect a tree of any age. Sometimes universal treatment may not give a result, because many gardeners use specific methods of control.
Bark cancer
A disease spreading to the root of a pear. The causative agent of the disease is the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. In the spring, brown spots appear on the buds and bark of the branches, young shoots with leaves turn black and dry out. Black spots appear on the leaves, they crack at the edges of the plates. The bark is covered with blisters, the wood rots, because of which the tree begins to die.
To combat the disease, cut the affected branches, get rid of dried trees, disinfect saw cuts with a concentration of 1% copper sulfate, gloss over with oil paint. An equally effective way to solve the problem is to spray the plant with preparations containing copper.
Root cancer
Root bacterial cancer affects the pear, as evidenced by growths and galls on the roots. Growths usually appear on the lateral roots and root neck, because of them there is a tuberosity on the surface. In the autumn period, cancers rot and collapse, releasing many bacteria that penetrate the soil and persist in it for several years. The cause of the disease is the rod bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens stevens.
Control measures are based on the rejection of seedlings with growths on the central root or root neck, trimming of the lateral roots with growths. Disinfect the trimmed roots for five minutes in a solution of copper sulfate at the rate of 100 g per 10 liters of water. Then be sure to rinse with clean water. Apply phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizers to the soil.
Bacterial burn
A bacterial burn is a stem disease due to which the leaves of the plant turn black. The first signs appear during the flowering period of the pear: the flowers wither, darken, the leaves turn black and twisted. In the future, the inflorescences shrink and acquire a brown tint. Pathogen - a bacterium carried by insects spreads with gusts of wind and rain through the air. The disease spreads rapidly, which can lead to the death of young plants.
Treatment is based on an integrated approach. Immediately remove the diseased branches, cutting off about 20 cm of a healthy area. Destroy the infected shoots as far as possible from the garden. Disinfect all work tools after trimming.
Fungus
Fungal diseases often affect the bark and fruits of the pear. Having identified the disease, the gardener should immediately begin treatment and prevention of the plant and its "neighbors" in order to avoid the spread of infection.
Soot fungus
Fetal disease, manifested by a black coating on the leaves, which makes them appear to have soot. The disease extends to the discharge of pear throat. The cause of the disease is a fungus, which often appears after the beginning of flowering or during the ripening period of the fruit. Pears affected by this disease become unattractive and tasteless. A long stay of the fungus on a tree becomes the cause of the slow development of shoots, lower yields, and dying leaves.
For prevention, water the plant more often, periodically apply mineral fertilizers and often treat trees from parasites. For treatment, it is necessary to destroy the pear tinnitus: spray the plant with Bordeaux liquid 1%, a solution of copper sulfate 1% or copper chloroxide.
Scab
Fetal disease, the provocateur of which is the fungus Venturia pirina. The fungus spreads due to high humidity and poor wind blowing of the area. Often the disease affects weak plants. Scab can infect a plant during flowering. Rounded brownish spots form on the fruits. They can merge on fruits and form one large necrosis, resembling warts. The peel of the fruit begins to crack.
For prevention, follow these recommendations:
- Plant plants on high ground, well-blown by the winds.
- Monitor the condition of the trees, make mineral fertilizing.
- Place supports under the branches so that they do not break from gravity.
- Thin out the crown periodically and cut off the excess branches.
- During fruiting, immediately remove the fallen fruits.
To combat the disease, treat the trees with copper preparations in early spring before buds open. Use such drugs: Abiga Peak, Bordeaux liquid, Skor, Rayek, Horus.
Fruit rot
The causative agent of the disease is the fungus Monilla fructigena Pers ex Fr, spreading with the wind on the wings of insects. Damaged fruits are most susceptible to disease. Fruit rotting occurs, they form round growths containing spores of the fungus. Often brown spots appear - they can completely cover the entire fruit. The pulp becomes loose, the taste deteriorates.
For prevention, periodically apply mineral dressings, collect fallen fruits and those that are sick, but hang on a tree. Treat trees from pests, thin out the crown and remove dry branches.
For treatment, treat the trees with preparations containing copper: Bordeaux liquid, Abiga Peak, Horus. At the beginning and at the end of the season, treat the plants with lime powder at the rate of 1 kg of lime per 10 liters of water.
Cytosporosis
Stem disease that occurs when Cytospora leucostoma is affected by a fungus. Red-brown foci appear on the trunk, which is why over time the bark begins to dry. This leads to the fact that the tree gradually dries and dies.
For prevention, regularly cut branches, destroy pests on time, collect fallen leaves and burn. Fighting cytosporosis is not easy. To begin, cut off the affected part of the bark, lubricate the cut with copper sulfate, then clay.
Black cancer
The manifestation of this stem disease can drag on for several years. In the process, the trunk bark and skeletal branches are damaged - cracks form on them, rapidly increasing in size, the bark gradually breaks. There are brown spots along the edges of the cracks. The cause of the disease is infection with Shaeropsis malorum. Black cancer spreads more often in the summer.
For prevention, it is recommended to make fertilizers more often, keep the garden clean, thin out the crown of the tree, and get rid of dry branches and fallen leaves. Fighting the disease is simple: cut the bark with a sharp knife, capturing part of the healthy. After the cut, treat the wound with copper sulphate and coat with clay mixed with mullein.
Powdery mildew
Leaf disease due to a fungal infection. Spores are rapidly spreading, especially in wet weather. Often carried with gusts of water, water, garden tools, pests. White plaque forms on the leaves, they begin to fade and fall. As a result, the whole plant dies, if you do not start fighting the disease in time.
For prevention, follow the recommendations:
- Do not plant trees close together.
- Fight pests on time.
- Water the plant and make mineral fertilizing.
- Remove fallen leaves in time.
For treatment, use the drug Topaz, dissolving 2 ml in 10 l of water. Treat the foliage with a solution in dry, calm weather. Process the pear twice: before flowering and after it.
Branch drying
This disease manifests itself in the middle of summer. On the affected branches, the foliage begins to twist, the shade becomes dull. By the end of the summer period, part of the leaves on the tree completely dry. On dried branches, the leaves become red, covered with pimples of spores.
Fighting the disease is simple: cut the infected parts of the tree, treat the slices with preparations containing copper.
White spotting (septoria)
Fungal leaf disease, causing spots on the leaf plate. At the first stages of the disease, white or yellow spots form, but over time they darken, acquiring a brown tint. The first signs often appear already in late spring. If you do not fight the disease, the foliage will begin to fall, which is fraught with weakening of plants and a sharp decrease in resistance to cold.
For prevention, be sure to collect fallen leaves and burn it. For treatment, carry out early spring spraying using a solution of nitrafen (dilute 3 g of the drug in 10 l of water). You can also use Bordeaux liquid concentration of 1%. Spraying is carried out twice a season: at the beginning of bud blooming, after they bloom, after flowering.
Phyllosticosis
Leaf disease, manifested in the second half of summer. The causative agent of the disease are spores of the fungus. Small spots appear on the leaves, after a while they are covered with black pycnids with the sporulation of the fungus. The development of the disease contributes to high humidity. This leads to the fact that the leaves fall prematurely, because of which the tree does not receive proper nutrition.
Experienced gardeners recommend spraying the pear with a solution of Bordeaux liquid 1%. The procedure is performed before budding.
European cancer
A stem disease caused by a fungus. The disease affects trunks and branches, abnormal thickenings appear on them, cracks form, sometimes reaching the core of the tree. In affected areas, the bark begins to darken, then crack. Such symptoms lead to ulceration.
As a preventative measure, apply mineral fertilizers more often, on the site, monitor cleanliness, thin out the crown of the plant, remove dry branches and fallen leaves. Treat European cancer as follows: cut off the bark to capture about 20 cm of the healthy part. Treat the wound with copper sulfate.
Viral infections
Viral infections appear due to a pathogen invading the cell, affecting all living things. The virus adversely affects the plant, leading to its death. Virus carriers are single-celled organisms, nematodes, fungi, and insects.
Mosaic
Leaf disease, during which the color of the leaves changes. Lighter spots appear on them. Then the veins begin to turn yellow, then yellow spots appear - this indicates the defeat of the yellow mosaic by the virus. The disease most often provokes aphids, but the infection can spread with pollen or through bark damage. This leads to the death of leaves, reduced productivity.
There is only one way to deal with the disease - uprooting of trees.
Viral spotting
Viral disease leading to reduced yield. Also, with viral spotting, the grown fruits become hard, lose their taste. A dent is formed on the affected area, because the pear is deformed, acquires an ugly shape. White spots appear on the leaves, which is why they quickly dry. But cracks appear in the branches and trunk of the plant. Viral spotting is transmitted by sap-eating insects such as aphids or leaf flies.
The fight against the disease consists in uprooting plants with their further burning. For prevention, spray:
- in spring, spray “bare” trees with Nutrofen;
- before flowering, spray the plant with Tsineb or a solution of copper hydroxide concentration of 0.4%;
- after flowering, the procedure is carried out using Bordeaux liquid 1%;
- repeat the same treatment as after flowering in 2-3 weeks.
In the early stages of the disease and for prevention, the use of antiviral drugs is permissible. Dig and burn the affected plant.
Stony fetus
This is a fruiting viral disease caused by the Pear stony pit wood flesh virus. The causative agent of infection is stored for a long time in the fruit tree wood infected with it. Cracks begin to appear on the bark of the branches, spreading over time to leaf plates (veins turn yellow on them). Gradually, the fruits become small, acquire an irregular shape, their flesh is filled with numerous solid cells. It is impossible to eat such fruits - they have no taste.
The treatment is complicated. If many fruits are affected, it is better to remove such a tree from the site. Plant a new pear elsewhere.
Witch's broom
Fetal disease, leading to the growth of numerous thin shoots, forming a dense rounded cluster on the branches. On the shoots there are underdeveloped leaves, which soon begin to curl and crumble.
This disease is incurable, because the plant will die. They uproot and burn it. There is still no accurate information why the pear suffers from such a disease.
Wood furrow
This viral disease usually affects young plants 2-3 years old. Cracks appear on the cortex, similar to freezing holes. An infection penetrates through them, which leads to impaired communication between the roots and leaves. Foliage twists, branches dry, development and growth slows down. This leads to the fact that the leaves are folded, the fruits cannot be tied up on the tree.
It is almost impossible to treat furrowing, therefore it is rational to remove the tree along with the roots and burn.
Parasites
Very often, the pear is attacked by pests. If you do not start to fight them in time, not only the crop will die, but the plant itself.
Hawthorn
This attractive insect is a butterfly that can save a tree in a short time not only from all greenery and flowers, but also ovaries, leaving the branches bare. Usually the pest attacks the plant in late autumn. A manifestation is the presence of twisted, dry leaves covered with cobwebs - the hawthorn caterpillars build houses for wintering.
Insecticides that process the tree and regular digging of the soil will help get rid of pests. If you were unable to prevent the appearance of butterflies, collect them manually from the weeds on which they spend the night.
Aphid gray
Gray aphid is considered one of the most dangerous pests - it lives almost everywhere, harms vegetation, eating its juices, which is why the plant does not receive proper nutrition. This leads to a slowdown in development and growth, as a result, the tree withers and dies. Large aphid colonies pose a danger - they can completely cover branches. With the defeat of shoots and aphid branches, a sticky coating forms on them. Aphids are carriers of ants.
To destroy aphids, in early spring spray the plant with mineral oil or a mixture of kerosene and diesel fuel - this prevents the emergence of caterpillars from eggs. Perform insecticide treatment after the emergence of new larvae and before the appearance of winged females.
Sapwood
Sapwood is a dangerous pest that can cause irreparable harm to the economy. Larvae and beetles feed on the bark of the trunk and large branches, and can infect healthy specimens. Sapwood larvae live in the bark of plants, make many moves in it.
In spring, when the pear blooms, pupation occurs. Pathogenic microorganisms, fungi and bacteria enter the plant through openings, due to which secondary diseases develop. Beetles gnaw at areas in the forks of branches and around the kidneys.Kidneys and young shoots die.
For prevention, keep the site clean, trim dry and damaged branches, then burn them. Make timely organic and mineral fertilizers, whitewash trunks and bases of skeletal shoots. Use chemical insecticides to kill the pest. Spend two treatments in the growing season: after flowering and after 2 weeks. For processing, it is recommended to use such drugs: Aktara, Mospilan, Confidor, Vector.
Pear beetle
Pear flower beetle - weevil beetle with gray-brown body. The pest devours leaves. Lays eggs in the first half of autumn, the first larvae appear in early April, gnaw buds from the inside. This leads to the fact that the plant does not bloom, which is why fruiting ceases.
To combat the pest, do the following: destroy the larvae, breaking off damaged kidneys (dryish, with a brown tint). Spread a cloth or plastic film under the tree, gently shake off the adult plants from the plant. Use chemicals: organophosphorus, insecticides. Gardeners recommend pesticides of biological origin (Actellik, Tanrek, Akarin, Fufanon).
Apple-shaped scab
Scarab larvae attach to the tree trunk and suck juices from the bark. This occurs throughout the spring-summer period. This leads to a slowdown in the development of pears, the death of branches and young shoots.
Get rid of scabs in the spring: clean the bark from the old dead layer using a metal brush and moisten it in a solution of wood ash and tar soap (200 g and 50 g per bucket of water). Before budding, treat the tree with organophosphate insecticides: Phosphamide or Actellic.
Apple bee-eater
This is a small brown beetle that damages the kidneys of a pear. In the autumn, the pest lays eggs in the buds of the plant. The flower bee hibernates inside the buds, in the spring it begins to eat them. This leads to the fact that the kidneys do not bloom.
To combat the beetle, shake out the beetles on a cloth lined with wood. Perform the procedure during swelling and budding of the kidneys, at a temperature of no more than +10 degrees, so that the pests do not fly away. Fill the collected insects with a solution of water and kerosene.
Pear moth
The pear moth is dangerous in that it eats fruits. In summer, the pest lays eggs on the fruits, the hatched larvae penetrate the fruits and eat the seeds. Early varieties and pears with a soft skin are especially susceptible to attack.
To combat the pear moth, use not only conventional insecticides, but also biological pesticides. Digging up the soil, removing damaged fruits, and harvesting weeds is no less effective.
Leaflet
Leafworm is an evil pest that affects all parts of the tree. When the bark is damaged, the growth and development of the tree slows down, which leads to reduced productivity.
To damage and protect the pear from the leaflet, remove dead bark in the spring, treat the trunks with lime, and process the plant using mineral oils and organophosphorus complexes.
Apple Moth
Apple moth is a small moth that causes great damage to the plant. Larvae feed on the pulp of leaves and fruits, which is why they die.
If round white mines are visible on the leaves, immediately proceed with pest control. First spray the trees with a solution of laundry soap and hot peppers. If this method is not effective, use insecticides.
Leafflake (pear throat)
Leafflake is dangerous in that it slowly kills the plant. The pest is able to suck out all the juice from the leaves, because of which the plant loses its nutrients, which leads to a slowdown in growth and development, a decrease in yield, weakness. Over time, copper dew appears - a hotbed of soot fungus.
For prevention, cleanse trees of dead bark, lichens and moss. To combat, use insecticides and alternative methods: processing plants with tobacco smoke, a solution of ash and soap, silicate glue.
Very often, a pear is exposed to various diseases and pests. If you know how the disease manifests itself, what symptoms indicate its presence, you will be able to start the fight in a timely manner, save the pear from death. Pests are also combated in effective ways that help prevent yield decline.
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Ukraine. City: Kryvyi Rih
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