Red pea is a low-growing variety with small beans and a thin stem. It occurs mainly in the wild in the Asia-East countries (Asia, Iran, Turkey, Israel, etc.). Despite this, the plant is grown at home, as it is considered completely undemanding in care.
Red peas are unpretentious in leaving
Red peas
Red peas are high in nutrients.
Features of Red Peas
Red or red-yellow pea species when sterilized with other species shows sterility, so scientists cannot obtain a hybrid of unusual color. The pollen produced by male flowers is not capable of fertilization with other varieties of peas.
Appearance
Wild red peas can be recognized by the following external signs:
- pod size - maximum 4 cm;
- seeds have a diameter of 0.4 cm;
- the shape of the beans is closer to the cylindrical;
- stem - refined;
- flowers - up to 1.2 cm;
- corolla may have different colors - lemon, orange, yellow;
- seed peel - fine-grained, thick;
- the skin is dark brown in color with a greenish tint (with very careful examination, almost black mottling is noted);
- the scar has a brown, olive or black color, the shape is ovoid shortened (up to 1 mm);
- serrated leaves of the semi-heart-shaped configuration;
- stipules 2 times as many leaflets;
- peduncle has 1 or 2 flowers;
- stem height - from 20 to 50 cm, but with a lack of sunlight reaches one and a half meters;
- with technical maturity, the texture of the beans is glossy;
- when overripe, the fruits crack easily.
The fruits grow not only above the ground, but also under the ground.
Pros and cons
Red peas are distinguished by the following virtues:
- the ability to grow without much care;
- unpretentiousness;
- good taste;
- a wide range of applications - like green peas, it is used for cooking various dishes, animal feed, etc.
- unusual shade;
- high content of nutrients.
Red peas have practically no shortcomings. The only thing is a number of contraindications (some diseases of the digestive tract), which is characteristic of all types of peas.
Composition and properties
The composition of red peas contains vitamins PP, A, C, B, many macro and micro elements (zinc, boron, iron, magnesium, iodine, potassium, etc.). In addition, these are amino acids, carbohydrates, easily digestible proteins, dietary fiber, pyridoxine, fiber, starch, saturated fatty acids, so the variety can be used for medicinal purposes.
How red peas affect the body:
- breaks down and removes cholesterol, harmful compounds;
- strengthens the immune system, saturating with useful substances;
- improves the general condition, increasing working capacity;
- restores the functionality of internal organs - the nervous and cardiovascular systems, brain, digestive tract;
- regenerates damaged cells and tissues;
- speeds up the metabolism;
- improves skin color and structure;
- gives energy;
- positive effect on visual acuity;
- increases hemoglobin;
- normalizes blood sugar;
- improves sperm composition;
- retains a feeling of satiety for a long time, therefore it is used by women for dietary nutrition.
Growing red peas
Red peas are unpretentious because they grow and bear fruit in the wild. At home, for its cultivation, it is enough to adhere to the general rules for planting and care of legumes.
Since the origin of the variety is Asian and Eastern countries, pea is considered a heat-loving plant, therefore, it is planted in open ground in spring, when the air temperature stabilizes up to + 10-15 degrees. If night frosts are predicted, peas are covered with plastic wrap at night.
Landing
To make the culture easier to adapt to our climatic conditions and grow faster, correctly prepare seed. Step-by-step instruction:
- Go through the seeds by hand, picking up damaged and damaged items.
- To increase the resistance to diseases and pests, warm the peas in hot water. To do this, place them for 5-7 minutes in water, heated to a temperature of +40 degrees. To improve the effect, add boric acid (5 l 1 g) to the water.
- 1-3 days before planting, soak the seeds in water or place them in a damp cloth laid on a saucer. In the first case, change the water once a day, in the second - pour in the saucer. Water should have room temperature.
Pay particular attention to the area where you plan to land, as well as the quality of the soil. Requirements:
- The beds should be located on the sunny side, well ventilated. In this case, strong north winds are unacceptable, otherwise the plant will die.
- On the site in front of the peas, it is desirable that cabbage, potatoes, cucumbers, pumpkin or tomatoes grow. Do not plant red peas after legumes.
- Soil acidity should not be high. If so, be sure to carry out the liming procedure or sprinkle the beds with wood ash.
- Do not plant red peas near groundwater. Otherwise, a powerful root system undergoes decay. The optimal water depth is 1.2-1.5 m.
Landing Features:
- In the fall, prepare the garden - dig to the depth of the bayonet shovels (as much as possible), adding organic fertilizers to the beds. For this, slurry, chicken droppings, humus (organics must be rotted) are suitable.
- In spring, before planting hatching seeds, loosen the ground, adding superphosphate and potassium salt. The first drug per 1 square. m 50 g is enough, the second - 20 g. When the soil is depleted, the necessary minerals are added, but note that you can not add a lot of nitrogen, since peas accumulate it independently from the air and soil.
- Smooth the surface of the beds with a rake, make grooves up to 4 cm deep. Leave half a meter between the grooves, between 10-15 cm between grains. But the best planting scheme is a double-row, in which 2 grooves are excavated with a distance of 20 cm, and the distance between the double-rows is in 50 cm.
- Pour grooves with warm, settled or rainwater.
- Lay out the planting material, sprinkle the grains with soil, then carefully compact, otherwise the birds can peck them from the ground.
Wild red peas are not afraid of weed thickets, so boldly plant green lettuce seeds, sorrel, dill, parsley, and spinach between the seedlings.
Legumes like to peck birds, so immediately after planting the seed material provide reliable protection. To do this, the beds are covered with a fine-grained mesh. In the future, you can build a mesh structure: from 4 sides to install pegs, tying a network to them.
How to water red peas and when to loosen the soil?
The basis for obtaining a good harvest is the timely watering of peas. Immediately after disembarkation, water is added every 2-4 days, depending on climatic conditions.
Despite the fact that the variety is wild, it loves loose, oxygenated soil, so the cultivation process is considered mandatory. Do the procedure after watering the culture, but as necessary. That is, when the topsoil begins to crust. About 2 weeks after the formation of the sprouts, the first loosening and hilling of the seedlings is carried out.
Water the red peas as follows:
- Before flowering, moisturize once every 2-3 days, when the flower stalk begins - just water the beans twice a week. After the full formation of pods, moisten the soil 1 time in 7-10 days. Naturally, this is in the absence of heavy rains.
- For 1 square. m need 6-9 liters of water, depending on the location of groundwater. If the water is close to the surface of the earth, pour less water. Remember that the roots of red peas are easily susceptible to putrefactive diseases.
- The fluid is applied directly to the root zone. To do this, carefully lift the green mass and introduce the liquid.
- Use water exclusively for rain or sediment, as tap water contains a lot of harmful substances that evaporate during the settling process.
- Make sure that no liquid stagnates in the ground - peas do not like this.
- The temperature should be at least +15 degrees, but the best option when the water temperature corresponds to the degrees in the air.
Do wild peas need to be fertilized?
In Spartan conditions, the soil is not always fertile, but this does not mean that you can do without fertilizing. The fact is that red peas grown in depleted soil gives a smaller amount of yield, beans grow small, juiciness disappears.
Peas require organics and minerals, except nitrogen, so even before flowering, they make mullein or chicken droppings (1 part of manure in 10 parts of water is bred per 1 sq. M). During the peduncle, you can make a decoction of nettles, which is poured into the root zone. After flowering, organic fertilizers are needed. For this, the drug Nitroammofoska is suitable (1 tbsp. L. Per 10 liters of water).
Tie up or not?
Since red peas belong to the undersized variety, he does not need a garter. The plant spreads along the ground in an arbitrary direction. If you want the beds to look neat and tidy, you can attach wooden pegs to each bush and lightly tie the stems.
Pinch
The pinching procedure, as well as the tying, is considered optional, but if you pinch the top of the main stem, then several new shoots appear, on which pods are then formed. Consequently, the number of beans is increasing.
Pests and diseases
The main diseases that red peas are exposed to are fungal, when the process of rotting of roots or greens begins. How to recognize them:
- Powdery mildew - The most common disease inherent in legumes. It is manifested by the formation of spots on stems, foliage and pods. At first they have a light gray tint, but as they progress, they turn into a dark brown color. For the fight, fungicidal preparations are used - Topsin, Fundazol, Skor, Topaz and the like. You can spray the plant with 1 percent colloidal sulfur.
- Fusarium characterized by rotting of roots, due to which the culture completely dies. You can recognize the disease by the presence of brown spots. Methods of treatment do not exist, but the process of decay can be prevented. To do this, monitor the level of humidity - do not allow excessive moisture. In case of heavy rains, cover the beds with plastic wrap.
- Ascochitosis. The main signs are the appearance of dry spots, on the border of which dots of a dark color are detected. The method of struggle is the processing of green mass with 4% copper chloride.
- Rust. The leaves are affected, on which brown spots form. You can get rid of the pathology with the help of a 1% solution of Bordeaux fluid.
If we talk about pests, then a special danger for red peas is represented by such insects as aphids, pea moths, garden scoops. You can fight them with special drugs and folk remedies. The former are purchased at the store, the latter are cooked independently. You can do the following:
- dilute the ground soap (brown) soap in water, spray the bushes (a couple of pieces into 5 l of water);
- add 3-4 kg of chopped tops from tomatoes to a bucket of warm water, let it brew for 2-3 days, treat the green part of the plant;
- Pour 30 g of crushed garlic (peeled) into 10 l of water, insist 24-30 hours, spray the culture.
How to collect and store?
Red peas ripen gradually - first you can collect the pods located at the bottom of the stem, after - all the rest, so the collection is carried out for 2-3 weeks with a break of 3-4 days. In order not to disturb the structure of the plant, cut the beans with scissors.
How to store:
- The best way is in dried form. To do this, first peel the fruits from the skin, then choose intact peas. The next step is drying. It is carried out under direct sunlight or in the oven.
- Unusual red peas can be preserved in glass jars in a standard way.
- To enjoy fresh beans in the winter, freeze them in the freezer, after placing the dry and clean fruits in a plastic bag.
Reviews
Katerina, 28 years old, housewife, Krasnodar Territory. The seeds of red peas came to me by accident - they were brought by a friend from Israel. Planted in the garden in the usual way, did not care much, only watered 1-2 times a week, but brought a little water (0.7-1 liter per bush). It turned out a good harvest, which immediately canned. In the finished form, the taste is slightly different from the usual green, but the household liked it.
Victor Pavlovich, 44 years old, summer resident, Kursk region I bought red peas on the market (sort of exotic). He planted at the cottage in early May (knowing that the variety is very heat-loving), and at the end of the month he was hospitalized, so no one looked after peas. How I was surprised that many pods with juicy full peas formed on the bushes. Indeed, the wild variety does not require maintenance.
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Red pea is an unusual bean variety that can be grown at home. Do not forget to monitor the level of humidity, remove weeds in a timely manner, carry out cultivation, thereby eliminating the risk of disease and gather a decent harvest of unusual, wild red peas.
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