Top dressing of onions on the head is an obligatory part of agrotechnical measures, due to which the growth of bulbs is accelerated, their size increases, the yield and useful properties of the crop increase. When fertilizing, one must strictly observe the timing and dosage, as a lack of nutrients and their overabundance cause irreparable harm to vegetables.
Timing and number of dressings
Onion crops are fed in strict accordance with the terms after planting, from this not only the head of the desired size is formed, but also a lush green mass - feathers - is obtained.
Features of the timing of fertilization:
1 The first top dressing is needed for the growth of greenery.
For this, nitrogen fertilization is used after germination. This is approximately 2 weeks after planting material is planted.
What can be done:
- water - 10 l, saltpeter - 30 g, superphosphate - 40 g, potassium chloride - 20 g;
- Vegeta preparation - 2 tbsp. l., urea - 1 tbsp. l .;
- slurry - 200 ml, water - 1 bucket.
2Fertilizing the second forms a turnip.
Phosphorus-potassium substances are applied 15 days after the first fertilization.
Feeding options:
- sodium chloride - 30 g, superphosphate - 60 g, saltpeter - 30 g, water - 10 l;
- herbal decoction - 1 glass, water - a bucket;
- Agricol-2 agent - 200 ml, water - 9-10 liters.
3 The third feeding forms and enlarges the head, accelerating its growth.
For these purposes, minerals are required in large quantities (in particular, phosphorus), which are introduced after increasing the head in diameter to 4 cm.
What is used:
- water - a bucket, superphosphate - 60 g, potassium chloride - 30 g;
- water - 10 l, superphosphate - 1 tbsp. l., the drug Effekton - 2 tbsp. l .;
- wood ash infused for 3 days - 250 g, boiling water - 10 liters.
5 sq. m, 10-15 liters of fertilizers are poured, which are introduced into the root system. Do this carefully so that the mixtures do not fall on the green part of the plant. Otherwise, the foliage will burn.
How to fertilize onions on the head?
To apply less fertilizer, follow the rules of crop rotation, which is what agronomists do when massively growing onions per head. However, at home and in the country, this cannot be done due to the small size of the plots. To restore fertility and nutrients, the soil has been fertilized with green manure since autumn, that is, with green natural fertilizers.
How to do it:
- after harvesting the crop (August-September), sow barley or peas;
- when shoots are formed 25 cm high, cut them off, dig into the ground where you will plant the onions;
- in the last days of September plant rye in the same place;
- plow the area deeply in the spring.
During this time, green spaces will give all their nutrients to the ground, so that onions will grow more actively.
Onion crops need useful elements. Experts have found that for 300 quintals of vegetables grown on 1 ha, you need the following:
- potassium - 75 kg;
- lime - 48 kg;
- nitrogen - 81 kg;
- phosphoric acid - 39 kg.
If we consider the amount as a percentage, then potassium requires 50%, phosphorus - 30%, nitrogen - 100%. Based on this, the dosage of introduced minerals is determined based on the composition of the soil in a particular region.
Organic fertilizer
Organics refers to materials of natural origin, which saturate the soil with important trace elements. This is chicken dung, cow dung, herbal decoctions. They must be applied to build up the head twice a season - in late spring and summer. Experienced gardeners fertilize the land in the fall, after harvesting.
Features of organic fertilization during the first feeding:
- Slurry. To prepare it, you need to take 250 g of fresh mullein and a bucket of warm water. Mix thoroughly, let it brew for 8-12 days. This amount is enough for 5 sq. m
- Bird droppings. Dilute a pound of dry droppings in 10 liters of water, let it brew for 2-3 days. Distribute the resulting solution over 10 sq. m
- Shop preparations - Effekton-O, Agricole. Used in accordance with the instructions.
How to fertilize the soil a second time:
- Prepare herbal infusion. For this, nettle, comfrey, dandelion are used. Cut freshly picked herbs in the amount of 1 kg, pour 10 liters of warm water, put in a warm place for a week. When feeding, dilute filtered slurry with water in a ratio of 1: 1.
- Use organic products based on humates - Gumi-Omi, etc.
Autumn feeding includes digging up a garden with humus and wood ash.
Herbal decoction can be prepared not only from comfrey, nettle and dandelion, but also any weed, milkweed, clover, chamomile, burdock, sedge, woodlice.
Minerals
Among the most important minerals for growing bulbous plants are the following:
- Nitrogen. It is used for the first feeding to form the green part of the plant; it is not used to enlarge the head. The fact is that when the pen is built up, the development of the bulb is suspended. The following elements belong to nitrogen fertilizers: ammonium carbonate, ammonium nitrate, ammophos, urea.
- Potassium. Intends for the second vegetative period as forms a head, condensing it. Substances: potassium salt, potassium nitrate, potassium magnesium, potassium chloride.
- Phosphorus. It accelerates growth and increases the size of the heads, so it is used at different vegetation stages. What it contains: superphosphate, phosphorite flour, nitroammophoska, tomoslag, precipitate.
The most common recipes for mineral fertilizing (in each case, 10 liters of water is required):
- the infusion of urea is saturated with nitrogen and must be used for the correct and timely formation of the head, since the growth of feathers affects the development of the bulb (take 2 tablespoons of urea and Ideal);
- superphosphate - 60 g, potassium chlorine - 20 g;
- urea - 1 tbsp. l., Vegeta - 2 tbsp. l .;
- superphosphate - 2 tbsp. l .;
- ammonium nitrate and salt - 1 tbsp. l., potassium permanganate - 2 crystals;
- nitrophoska - 2 tbsp. l
Folk remedies
There are not so many popular recipes for growing onions per head, but they are all distinguished by their versatility, high efficiency and natural ingredients. Facilities:
- Ammonia. Top dressing is carried out three times. The first time: to defend 10 liters of water for a couple of days, add 3 tbsp. l ammonia, immediately water the beds. The second time: add 5 tbsp for the same amount of water. pharmacy substance, plus 50 g of brown laundry soap. The third time an identical composition is introduced.
- Wood ash It is used both in dry and liquid form. In the first case, the ash crumbles in the aisles. In the second, 10 cups of water will require 1-2 glasses of ash.
- Yeast fertilizer for head growth: slightly heat 10 l of water, dissolve 100 g of live yeast and 20 g of granulated sugar, add a glass of wood ash. Leave the container with the mixture in a warm place for fermentation for 2-3 days. Dilute with water in a ratio of 1: 5 before watering.
- Stale bread. To enlarge the bulbs, a highly concentrated sourdough is made: 500 g of fresh yeast, bread crumbs and wood ash are required for a bucket of warm water. Additionally chop 1 kg of weed. Mix the mixture thoroughly, put in a warm place for fermentation. Soak for 3 days, stirring occasionally.
Complex fertilizers
Mixed fertilizers contain substances of different origin. It can be organics and minerals at the same time, different preparations, etc. What is recommended:
- Water - 10 l, urea - 1 tbsp. l., slurry - a glass.
- Superphosphate - 20 g, potassium salt - 10 g.
- Complex store preparations: Agricol-2, Clean sheet, Gummy, Reflex, Citovit, Fertika Lux, Effekton.
Features of dressings depending on the planting period
Onions are spring and winter, depending on the planting period. When planting in spring, the first top dressing is carried out a couple of weeks after planting the seed, the second - after another 14 days, the third - after about 20 days.
Landing before winter is carried out before the first frost. Top dressing is carried out in this way:
- Before laying the planting material (for 2 weeks), phosphorus-potassium substances are introduced.
- The next feeding of winter crops is carried out after the snow melts. For this, organic matter is used in liquid form (mullein, chicken droppings, herbal decoctions). It is advisable to add ammonium nitrate.
- After feather regrowth, a head growth stimulator (Plantafol) is introduced.
- After 15-20 days after this, the beds are fertilized with this solution: ammonium nitrate - 1 tbsp. l., superphosphate - 2 tbsp. l., potassium sulfate - 1 tbsp. l., water - 10 l. You can replace this composition with nitrophobic (1 tbsp per bucket of water).
- The next fertilizer application is in 2-3 weeks. A mixture of water (10 l), potassium salt (1 tbsp) and superphosphate (2 tbsp) is used.
Useful Tips
New gardeners, due to their inexperience, often make mistakes, due to which there is a reverse reaction - a negative one. To prevent this from happening, use the advice of experienced farmers:
- Do not apply organic fertilizers fresh - be sure to dilute with water and allow time for fermentation. Otherwise, the plant will receive a severe burn, and the heads will slow down their growth.
- Do not exceed dosages when introducing organic matter - the green mass will grow, not the bulb.
- If fertilizers get on the greens, immediately rinse the leaves with water.
- It is permissible to increase the amount of mineral substances only on sandy and clay soils.
- If organic matter and minerals are added at the same time, then the first should be 1/3 more.
- Dry formulations should be applied only after watering the soil - so they are faster and better absorbed.
- Fertilizing is poorly absorbed with increased or decreased acidity of the soil, so it must be neutral.
Reviews of onion feeding
Margarita Vasilievna, 47 years old, summer resident, Yaroslavl region. I grow onions in summer cottages, but I always have large ones. For this I use organic fertilizers and only in rare cases use minerals in the form of preparations (I do not like chemistry). I introduce cow dung, chicken dung, wood ash, and herbal infusions into the ground.
Nadezhda, 35 years old, farmer, Tver. I have been growing onions for many years, and at the same time I am running a farm. This is very beneficial because you do not have to buy organic fertilizers. Besides them, I always buy superphosphate and potassium salt. I feed the culture 4 times a year - in the fall, twice with a vein and once in the summer.
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If feeding the onion for the growth of the head is carried out in accordance with the requirements of agricultural technology, then the onion grows large, useful and even. Be sure to consider the variety that is grown, the composition of the soil and the climatic conditions of the region, since the dosage level of fertilizers, the frequency of application and their type depend on this.
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